- All selected low‑carbon options face significant competitiveness challenges.
- Bio‑based plastics remain at least 2.5 times more expensive than fossil‑based alternatives, while retrofitting steam crackers with carbon capture can increase ethylene production costs by up to 20%.
- The most impactful instruments are specific to each low-carbon option.
- While a range of financial instruments can help narrow these gaps, their effectiveness varies by technology, underscoring the need for a tailored approach.
- A single instrument cannot close the competitiveness gap. A combination of instruments is needed to make low-carbon options commercially viable, such as carbon pricing, green premium, concessional loans and CAPEX grants.
- Financial instruments alone are not enough. Strengthening the enabling environment – through supportive policies, regulatory reforms and clear long‑term signals – is essential to attract investment and ensure these instruments deliver their full impact.
- Alignment between decarbonisation policies and policies aiming to eliminate plastic pollution needs to be strengthened.
- Policy choices for curbing plastic pollution may drive the design of some decarbonisation policies, and any low-carbon option will need to be paired with effective plastic waste management.
Neftaly All selected low‑carbon option
Neftaly Email: sayprobiz@gmail.com Call/WhatsApp: + 27 84 313 7407
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